Gravity Entropy Theory

1. The Gravity-Entropy Theory states that on a scale from molecules to stars, gravity is the dominant attractive force, and entropy, is a repulsive force that opposes gravity. The textbook equations for entropy are in part correct, but are incomplete.  Dr. Klein postulated that entropy is not merely a scalar (a quantity), It is a vector (it also has direction), but the direction of the entropy vector is opposite that of gravity. 

Entropy governs phenomenon such as temperature, pressure, and chemical concentration. Entropy is a repulsive force, pushing matter and energy outward or apart—from areas of greater temperature, pressure, or chemical concentration to areas of lesser temperature, pressure, or chemical concentration toward equilibrium.  Gravity, on the other hand, pulls matter inward—in a direction opposite to that of entropy.  Gravity pulls matter from areas of lesser concentration toward the center to areas of greater temperature, pressure, and mass concentration.

2. Gravity Equation: G= m₁m₂/r²

This means that the Force of Gravity is directly proportional to the mass of the first body times the mass of the secong body, and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the masses.  Thus, the greater the distance between the masses, the much weaker the gravitational force.

3. Entropy Equation:    

In chemistry, entropy is represented by the capital letter S, and it is a thermodynamic function that describes the randomness and disorder of molecules based on the number of different arrangements available to them in a given system or reaction.

The amount of entropy is also a measure of the molecular disorder, or randomness, of a system

The American Heritage Dictionary gives as the second definition of entropy, "a measure of disorder or randomness in a closed system."

The change in entropy, ∆S, is given by : .

               ∆S  =  ∆Q , or

                           T

Change in entropy  =  change in the heat of the system

                                                 Temperature

Where

               ∆S  =  change in entropy  (joules/Kelvin or calories/Kelvin)           

               ∆Q  = change in the heat of the system (joules or calories)

               T     =  temperature (Kelvin)

4.  The textbook definitions and equations for entropy are correct; they are just incomplete.  They define entropy as a scalar (a number), which for a system always appears to be increasing.  Entropy has not only a numeric value, it also has a direction. 

Thus, according to Dr. Klein’s theory, entropy is a vector. Entropy is a force; it has a magnitude and a direction.  The direction is outward, opposing that of gravity, which is inward.   

The entropy vector goes from greater to lesser toward equilibrium. 

Gravity is an attractive force, pulling matter inward toward the center of mass.  Entropy is a repulsive force, pushing outward toward equilibrium.  Entropy is an equilibrium force, pushing matter and energy outward toward equilibrium.

5. Gravity and entropy are opposing forces.  There is a balance in nature.  For every attractive force, there is also a repulsive force that tends to balance it.  The repulsive force is not necessarily exactly equal to the attractive force.  The balance between gravity and entropy is not a static balance; it is a dynamic balance—matter and energy are constantly moving and changing. 

6. An example of the dynamic balance between gravity and entropy is the water cycle.  Entropy causes water to evaporate, going from greater vapor pressure to lesser vapor pressure in the atmosphere.  Upon condensation, gravity pulls the rain toward the earth’s center, causing the rain to fall back to the earth. 

7. Other examples.  Letting air out of a tire, such a by a puncture.  Pressure goes from greater to lesser toward equilibrium.    Gravity pulls air in the atmosphere downward toward the earth’s center, while entropy pushes it outward toward outer space where the pressure is less. 

Another example is when chemicals are mixed in a mixture, the chemical concentration goes from greater to lesser areas of concentration toward equilibrium. 

8. Background microwave radiation.  The primary source of the microwave radiation is the stars.  Entropy is an equilibrium force that causes the causes the microwave radiation to be roughly evenly distributed in space.

Thus, the cosmic background radiation is not due to a fictitious Big Bang (see Cumulative Field Theory).  The true source of the cosmic background radiation is the stars and dark matter in space (planets, moons, asteroids, etc.) that radiate energy into space. Then, entropy causes the radiation to go from areas of greater temperature or greater concentration to areas of lesser temperature or lesser concentration toward equilibrium.  This results in a roughly even temperature distribution in space.